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Who made the atomic theory4/7/2024 He formulated a fundamental principle and derived laws of nature from this using intuition and mathematical deduction. For instance, German physicist Walther Nernst’s studies of heat straddled chemistry and physics his compatriot, physicist Emil Wiechert blended physics and geology to deduce the layered structure of Earth.Įinstein also deployed a deductive approach. His work remained in physics, however, and he paid no attention to other areas of science, such as chemistry, astronomy or geology, as some others were doing at the time. Solutions required a holistic approach.Įinstein applied his mastery of statistical mechanics to cross boundaries between these fields. Einstein, more than his contemporaries did, realized that the three areas were deeply interconnected. At the start of the twentieth century, physicists were focused on solving ‘borderline problems’, those at the junctures of mechanics, thermodynamics and electrodynamics, such as the radiation of heat and motions of microscopic particles. These four papers don’t appear to have much in common, but, as the authors convincingly argue, they are built on the same set of underlying ideas. And the fourth developed the theory of the equivalence of mass and energy, expressed in the famous equation E = mc 2.īlack holes, love and poetry - an artistic exploration of intimacy and adventure The third introduced the theory of special relativity, as well as the universal speed of light. The second concerned Brownian motion, the random movement of tiny particles, which supported the existence of atoms. The first explained the photoelectric effect, which established that light comes in tiny packets of energy, or photons - a work that later won him a Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1905, his annus mirabilis, Einstein published four revolutionary papers in the journal Annals of Physics. By setting his work in the long arc of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn dispel the popular myth of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics from scratch - and by pure thought alone. ![]() Rich in biographical detail, the book is much more than another product of the Einstein industry. ![]() In The Einsteinian Revolution, two eminent experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity - Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn - offer an original and penetrating analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world. German physicist Albert Einstein died in 1955, and yet he is much alive - as one of the most-famous scientists of all time, the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. ![]() The Einsteinian Revolution: The Historical Roots of His Breakthroughs Jürgen Renn and Hanoch Gutfreund Princeton Univ. In 1905, German physicist Albert Einstein released four seminal physics papers, one of which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
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